356

The movement of the torso.

Three are the principal muscles of the shoulder, that is b c d, and two are the lateral muscles which move it forward and backward, that is a o; a moves it forward, and o pulls it back; and bed raises it; a b c moves it upwards and forwards, and c d o upwards and backwards. Its own weight almost suffices to move it downwards.

The muscle d acts with the muscle c when the arm moves forward; and in moving backward the muscle b acts with the muscle c.

[Footnote: See Pl. XXI. In the original the lettering has been written in ink upon the red chalk drawing and the outlines of the figures have in most places been inked over.]

Taken from The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci edited by Jean Paul Richter, 1880.

Notebooks of Leonoardo da Vinci
VII: On the Proportions and on the Movements of the Human Figure.
. . .
336
The relative proportions of the torso and of the foot.
337
The proportions of the whole figure.
338,
339,
340,
341
The torso from the front and back.
342
Vitruvius’ scheme of proportions.
343
The arm and head.
344
Proportions of the arm.
345,
346,
347,
348,
349
The movement of the arm.
350,
351,
352,
353,
354
The movement of the torso.
355,
356,
357,
358,
359,
360,
361
The proportions vary at different ages.
362,
363,
364,
365,
366,
367
The movement of the human figure.
368,
369,
370,
371,
372,
373,
374
Of walking up and down.
375,
376
. . .