Penance, in the Roman Catholic Church an expression of penitence as well as the sacrament of absolution; also the suffering to which a penitent voluntarily subjects himself, according to the schoolmen, as an expression of his penitence, and in punishment of his sin; the three steps of penitence were contrition, confession, and satisfaction.
Definition taken from The Nuttall Encyclopædia, edited by the Reverend James Wood (1907)
Pemmican * Penang