Gautaʹma (g hard).

The four sublime verities of Gautaʹma are as follows:

(1) Pain exists.

(2) The cause of pain is “birth sin.” The Buddhist supposes that man has passed through many previous existences, and all the heaped-up sins accumulated in these previous states constitute man’s “birth sin.”

(3) Pain is ended only by Nirvaʹna.

(4) The way that leads to Nirvana is—right faith, right judgment, right language, right purpose, right practice, right obedience, right memory, and right mediation (eight in all).